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mango1 LV15
发表于 19-8-2005 00:43:40
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<P><B>Human beings</B> define themselves in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological" target="_blank" >biological</A>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social" target="_blank" >social</A>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiritual" target="_blank" >spiritual</A> terms. Biologically, humans are classified as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species" target="_blank" >species</A> <I><B>Homo sapiens</B></I> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" target="_blank" >Latin</A> for "<B>wise man</B>"): a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biped" target="_blank" >bipedal</A> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primate" target="_blank" >primate</A> belonging to the superfamily of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hominoidea" target="_blank" >Hominoidea</A>, with all of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apes" target="_blank" >apes</A>: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimpanzee" target="_blank" >chimpanzees</A>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorilla" target="_blank" >gorillas</A>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orangutan" target="_blank" >orangutans</A>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibbon" target="_blank" >gibbons</A>.</P><P>Humans have an erect body carriage that frees the upper limbs for manipulating objects, a highly developed <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain" target="_blank" >brain</A> and consequent capacity for abstract <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reason" target="_blank" >reasoning</A>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech" target="_blank" >speech</A>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language" target="_blank" >language</A>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introspection" target="_blank" >introspection</A>. One current hypothesis within the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_community" target="_blank" >scientific community</A> is that the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_evolution" target="_blank" >human evolution</A> of bipedalism (two-legged locomotion) occurred in response to a need for long distance <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running" target="_blank" >running</A>. Humans are said to be one of a short list of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal" target="_blank" >animals</A> with such a capacity.</P><P>The human <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mind" target="_blank" >mind</A> has several distinct attributes. It is responsible for the complexity of human <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviour" target="_blank" >behaviour</A>, especially <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language" target="_blank" >language</A>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curiosity" target="_blank" >Curiosity</A> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observation" target="_blank" >observation</A> have led to a variety of explanations for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consciousness" target="_blank" >consciousness</A> and the relation between mind and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body" target="_blank" >body</A>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology" target="_blank" >Psychology</A> is the study of the mind. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious" target="_blank" >Religious</A> perspectives generally emphasise a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soul" target="_blank" >soul</A>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qi" target="_blank" >qi</A> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atman" target="_blank" >atman</A> as the essence of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Being" target="_blank" >being</A>, and are often characterized by the belief in and worship of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God" target="_blank" >God</A>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gods" target="_blank" >gods</A> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirit" target="_blank" >spirits</A>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy" target="_blank" >Philosophy</A>, especially <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_mind" target="_blank" >philosophy of mind</A>, attempts to fathom the depths of each of these perspectives. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art" target="_blank" >Art</A>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music" target="_blank" >music</A> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literature" target="_blank" >literature</A> are often used in expressing these concepts and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feelings" target="_blank" >feelings</A>.</P><P>Humans are inherently <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society" target="_blank" >social</A>. Humans create complex <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociology" target="_blank" >social structures</A> composed of many <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-operation" target="_blank" >cooperating</A> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competition" target="_blank" >competing</A> groups. These range from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nation" target="_blank" >nations</A> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State" target="_blank" >states</A> down to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family" target="_blank" >families</A>, and also from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community" target="_blank" >community</A> to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self" target="_blank" >self</A>. Seeking to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Understand" target="_blank" >understand</A> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipulate" target="_blank" >manipulate</A> the world around us led to the development of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology" target="_blank" >technology</A> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science" target="_blank" >science</A> as a social, rather than an individual, enterprise. These <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institution" target="_blank" >institutions</A> have given rise to shared <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artifact_%28archaeology%29" target="_blank" >artifacts</A>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belief" target="_blank" >beliefs</A>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myths" target="_blank" >myths</A>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ritual" target="_blank" >rituals</A>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Values" target="_blank" >values</A>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norm_%28sociology%29" target="_blank" >social norms</A> which form the group's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture" target="_blank" >culture</A>.</P> |
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