一篇economic例文欣赏

2009-11-23 · 1231 阅读

There are general ways to overcome economic recessions. Economists would suggest different strategies to turn the situation around from recessions such as monetary policy, governmental spending to spark economic growth and potential tax cuts to promote business capital investment, and so on. Government plays critical role in such process to avert impending economic and financial disasters. All endeavors are made to improve domestic economic growth and GDP growth, and further promote social stable. Here, it explained three ways in which governments can do overcome current economic recessions.
There, it collected two current articles from newspapers.
Firstly, the article, published by Xinhua (2009), critically highlighted experiences and practices of China to establish strong global cooperation to overcome economic recessions, during past few months. China pledged to restore global confidence and seek strategies to keep sustainable economic growth, along with other G20 countries. In current G20 Summit, China positively played as member of international community to engage in a lot of bilateral and multilateral initiatives for the purpose of restore global economy. During Summit meeting, Mr. Hu meet a number of leaders, and highlighted Chinese commitment on recover global economy from financial crisis, and further, emphasized confidence and guidelines to cooperation in boosting economic growth and international monetary system. He signed 20 cooperation agreements with five Asian and African countries to increase export and investment on African countries, to boost their economic growth. Cooperation agreements with some Latin American Countries also signed for bilateral cooperation. Based on the articles, it is acknowledged the regional or global cooperation would become new force to resist the global financial crisis through mutual helps. The cooperation of investment and trade expansion potentially can ease the pressure of single countries, and further maintain sustainability of global recovery.
Secondly, according to Stiglitz (2008), America now has to face three separate related problems: credit crunch, a debt crisis and a macroeconomic problem. It is acknowledged the America experienced the most serious buddy economy. Stiglitz argued Banks lent money to thousands and hundreds of Americans beyond their ability to pay during last decades, which ultimately caused serious credit crisis and a macroeconomic problem in today’s America. Americans are encouraged to take out variable rate mortgages. Based on Liar mortgages, there is no evidence of incomes or ability to pay for borrowers. Because price would not rise itself, it must encouraged by consumption. But, the fact proved it is toxic mortgages system. Once the debt exceeds the ability to pay, economy would become turbulent without promise of securities of monetary. Ultimately, it caused higher portion of credit balance within macroeconomic infrastructure in the United States. Although the government has made policies of tax cuts permanent to recover national ills on macroeconomic problem, the impacts are not effective and wise, according to the author. These policies are driven up by deficit rather economy. Significant, the suggestion is to keep effective macroeconomic infrastructure and balance between investment and consumption for governments.
Third article is about financial transparency by Al Ghwell (2009). It is said the financial transparency would be future of Dubai, suggested under situations of global financial crisis. Governments are busy to establishing culture of more openness, accessibility and transparency financial systems, for boost economic recovery. Along with increasing prominence in global economy, it is necessary and new challenge for financial systems. As indicated by Al Ghwell, the transparency is essential for government and business in Dubai. That is argued once there is no clear information available, the rumor will flourish. In today, the world government is essential to face global crisis and pressures from competition. As a result, they must show greater transparency, accountability, efficiency, equity, responsiveness to public of information. Then, it is argued financial transparency would be crucial of financial systems in Dubai. In order to reach financial transparency, Dubai government proposed a consensus-building process involving in two-way communication between governments and publics. It attempted to introduce a more regulated and transparent property systems, and further establish systems to strengthen accountability and auditing mechanism.
Weighing together, governments attempted to gain policies to overcome economic recessions by regional cooperation and strong financial systems. Strategies are flexible available focusing on unique national situations. Basically, it represented three evidences of governmental policies to overcome financial crisis, including regional or global cooperation, promoting macroeconomic infrastructure, and transparent financial systems.
Questions 2
Explain three non-material measurements of living standard.
Three significant non-material measurements of living standard would be environmental facilities, life span, and education.
(1) Environmental facilities
People living in certain areas are expected to highlight their living environments, which would be a positive indicator for living standards in local community. Now, because of bias on industrial development, there is increasing concerns on environmental pollutions and degradations. It is caused bad living levels for people in the world. For example, industrial pollutions from textile, irrigations and papermaking industry have caused serious water crisis. In some developing countries, the environment is increasingly degraded. It is reported there are two and one-half billion people are living without access to freshwater by 2025. About two out of three people will be without sanitation facilities (El-Ashry, 2001). Infectious diseases, such as AID, HIV, and Dengue Fever, are popular in developing countries for example, African countries. These diseases would kill million and billion people every year. As a result, environmental facilities are regarded as critical indicators for living standards. People can make easy access to environmental facilities, including freshwater, clear air, land, and forest, avoid diseases. Particularly, the Global Environment Facilities Fund has projected various programs such as international waters, climate changes, biodiversity, and land management, to improve living environments in global basis.
(2) Education
Education, the way of obtaining knowledge and technological skills for individual, is regarded as critical standards. That is because of today’s advanced technology and medical care relies on highly trained, specialized individuals. It is acknowledged the job and works extensively relates with technical skills and educated knowledge. Organizations and industries introduce various high-end advances of technology. As a result, it required people and operators to manage enough knowledge and skills from education. Then, people are expected to gain higher level of education to reform their living standard through attending jobs. If education in countries, particular in some developing countries, is available, people can excel more in their lifetime than was previously thought possibly, and they would hold advantages to seek alternatives of current lifestyle and potentially increase their standard of living. Directly, higher educated people can have better job with higher salary, then, income increases, and lifestyle would be improves. Thus, it is said education now has been proposed as critical indicators for living standards, since it highly relates with jobs and lifestyle of people.
(3) Life span
Life span usually relates with issues medical care, insurance care, and environmental facilities. It is average evaluation of subsequent years of life for people, and relied on groups and community. For example, in developed countries, there are various health insurance and medical facilities to prevent people from diseases. It presents long life span in Japan with 81 years. While in some developing countries, the life span is 39.5 in Swaziland. In some Middle East countries, the average life span is 59-84.3 years (BBC News, 2008). How different life span estimated? Or what reason for such differences? Significantly, it is argued life expectancy extensively influenced by living environment, medical cares, nutrition, and insurance facilities. Obviously, developed countries have formed mature systems on healthy and sanitation for people’s lives. However, in some developing countries, people can not obtain basic living standards such as fresh water, nutrition, and medical care, which largely reduce potential years of life span. As a result, life span or expectancy is widely accepted as one crucial indicator to measure the living standards.

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